Mosquitoes | Javelin Services

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MOSQUITOES

Mosquitoes are a type of blood-feeding fly that make up the Culcidia family. They are over 3,450 species distributed worldwide, spreading from the tropics to the Arctic circle.

Adult female mosquitos lays eggs on or close to small areas of standing water. Larvae emerges from the eggs and may be seen wriggling in the water, before they develop into the less active pupa. The adult mosquito eventually emerges from the pupa and leaves the water. The duration of the life cycle from egg to adult is around 2 weeks. The adult female mosquitoes feed on blood which, depending on the mosquito species, may be from humans, or other mammals or birds. By contrast, the adult males feed only on the nectar in flowers.

For most people, a mosquito bite usually results in a red, itchy swelling which subsides in a few hours or days. A few people show no reaction at all, while others may develop a severe allergic reaction which may require treatment. There are many different types of mosquito in Myanmar, each with its own specific biology, behaviour and pest status, but the three most important types are:

AEDES (Aegypti, Albopictus)

APPEARANCE:

Aedes adult mosquitoes have distinctive black and white markings on their thorax, abdomen and legs. They are most active during the daytime and only ever bite during daylight hours. Their peak biting times are early morning and late evening.

BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR:

Females prefer to lay their eggs in small bodies of clean standing water, such as water jars, rain-filled buckets, and dishes of water for house-plants. The word Aedes comes from the Ancient Greek word aēdēs, meaning ‘unpleasant’ or ‘odious’. Aedes spread a multitude of different diseases including yellow fever, dengue and the Zika virus. Only the female mosquito feeds on blood, males feed purely on plant nectar.

The Aedes mosquito has a lifespan of two weeks and can breed up to three times. 100 eggs may be produced each time and. Eggs can stay dormant in dry conditions for up to 9 months, after which they can hatch if exposed to water.

SIGNS IMPACT PREVENTION

VISUAL SIGHTINGS. Aedes mosquitos can easily be distinguished from other mosquito genera by their distinct black and white markings.

BITES. Aedes mosquito bite only during the daytime. Their peak biting times are early in the morning or the hours before dusk. Bites generally result in a red, itchy swelling which subsides in a few hours or days.

DISEASE-TRANSMITTERS – Aedes mosquitoes can transmit Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and many other infections.

Mosquito problems can be reduced by removing, emptying out or tightly covering any water-filled containers, and ensure any ditches flow freely. In larger water bodies such as ponds, fish will provide good control. To prevent mosquitoes entering buildings, fly screens can be fitted on windows.

Please see our Mosquito Control page for practical steps you can take to help prevent mosquitos entering your property.

CULEX (Quinquefasciatus)

APPEARANCE:

Adult Culex’s have distinctive brown scales covering their thorax, legs and the veins on their wings. They are generally dull in colour compared to the Aedes genera. The tip of the abdomen is always blunt.

BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR:

Culex’s prefer to lay their eggs in polluted, stagnant water such as ditches, drains and cesspits. This is because the larvae feeds on the organic material in the water.Culex are therefore very common in urban areas.

Culex bite at night and rest indoors before and after feeding. These are the mosquitoes that make the high-pitched buzzing sound during the night.

SIGNS IMPACT PREVENTION

HIGH-PITCHED BUZZING – Culex mosquitos are more likely to bite at night and are responsible for the familiar high pitched whining sound.

BITES – Unlike Aedes, Culex mosquitos are far more likely to bite during the night-time. Their peak biting times are midnight and 5:00am.

DISEASE-TRANSMITTERS – Culex mosquitoes transmit Filiarisis, West Nile Virus, avian Malaria and many other infections.

Mosquito problems can be reduced by removing, emptying out or tightly covering any water-filled containers, and ensure any ditches flow freely. In larger water bodies such as ponds, fish will provide good control. To prevent mosquitoes entering buildings, fly screens can be fitted on windows.

Please see our Mosquito Control page for practical steps you can take to help prevent mosquitos entering your property.

ANOPHELES (Maculatus)

APPEARANCE:

The adult Anopheles mosquito can be distinguished from other mosquito genera by the presence of palps as long as the proboscis (the needle like trunk from which mosquitos feed). These palps are used to detect carbon dioxide which attracts female mosquitos to a potential blood meal. Anopheles mosquitos also have pale and dark marks on its wings and rest is a peculiar resting position with their abdomen pointing up into the air.

BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR:

The young stages live in small bodies of clean standing water, such as water jars, rain-filled buckets, and dishes of water for house-plants. The name Anopheles comes from the Greek words an meaning ‘not’, and óphelos, meaning ‘profit’, translated as meaning ‘useless’. Anopheles are the prime transmitters of Malaria. The Anopheles kill around 440,000 people a year because of Malaria.

Adult mosquitos live for a week and generally mate soon after the pupal stage. In most species, males will group together forming a swarm around sunset, and the females fly into the swarm to mate.

SIGNS IMPACT PREVENTION

HIGH-PITCHED BUZZING – Anopheles mosquitos are more likely to bite at night and are responsible for the familiar high pitched whining sound you hear at night.

BITE – like Culex, the peak biting times for Anopheles mosquitos is during the night.

DISEASE-TRANSMITTERS – Anopheles mosquitoes are the prime vectors of Malaria. They kill around 440,00 people a year by spreading Malaria.

Mosquito problems can be reduced by removing, emptying out or tightly covering any water-filled containers, and ensure any ditches flow freely. In larger water bodies such as ponds, fish will provide good control. To prevent mosquitoes entering buildings, fly screens can be fitted on windows.

Please see our Mosquito Control page for more steps you can take to help prevent mosquito problems.

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